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The dictionary of software terms you've always wanted

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Technically

Making practical sense of software and AI.

AI
Recent Articles

What is Google doing with AI?

Inside Google's full-stack cloud bet, and how it differs from Microsoft and AWS.

How to use open-weight AI models

Picking a model, a harness, and where to run the thing.

What's going on with open-weight models?

How open-weight models went from a curiosity to great in 2 short years.

AI Reference

Embeddings

Embeddings are how AI models turn words, images, or other data into mathematical coordinates that computers can actually work with.

Prompt Engineering

Prompt engineering is the art of talking to AI models in a way that gets you the results you actually want.

Terms

Training

Training is the process of creating and teaching an ML model how to do something.

ChatGPT

ChatGPT is a Machine Learning model, created and maintained by OpenAI, that generates paragraphs of text in response to prompts.

All AI →
Analytics
Recent Articles

Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

Terms

A/B Testing and Experimentation

Experimentation is one of the ways that companies understand if their product efforts are working, and ipso facto, what they should be spending time on.

Kafka

Apache Kafka is a framework for streaming data between internal systems.

Companies
Snowflake

Snowflake

Snowflake sells a powerful cloud data warehouse for analytics and data science teams.

Segment

Segment

Segment helps teams track their product and marketing data and send it to whichever tools it needs to go to.

All Analytics →
Databases
Recent Articles

Software Eng for Vibe Coders: Databases + Storage

Where your vibe coded app actually keeps its data, and how it might break when real users show up.

What does Turbopuffer do?

And what's going on in the category formerly known as vector databases?

Terms

Blockchain

A blockchain is just another way to store data, exactly like a database.

Vector Database

A vector database is a place where developers store specially formatted data to use for machine learning and AI.

Companies
turbopuffer

turbopuffer

Turbopuffer is a search engine built on top of object storage (like AWS S3).

MongoDB

MongoDB

MongoDB is a highly popular unstructured, NoSQL document database for powering your applications.

All Databases →
DevOps
Recent Articles

Software Eng for Vibe Coders: On Frontends + Backends

A new series to help non-engineers build products that can handle going viral.

What are code sandboxes?

Why coding agents need a safe place to play, just like we all do.

All about Infrastructure as Code

The deceptively simple text files that help you avoid huge mistakes when shipping software.

Terms

Compile

Compiling just means translating one thing to another.

Terminal

The Terminal is the native way to talk to computers.

Companies
New Relic

New Relic

New Relic is observability software: teams use it to monitor the performance of their apps and infrastructure.

JFrog

JFrog

JFrog provides a bunch of products and services around DevOps, i.e. taking your software and deploying it to the world.

All DevOps →
Security
Recent Articles

Software Eng for Vibe Coders: Auth + Security

How to make sure anyone on the internet can't just delete your app's data, and other security considerations.

Terms

VPN

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) lets you route your internet access through a specialized server that keeps your sensitive information private.

Tokenization

Tokenization is one of the ways that backends protect sensitive information, like credit cards or social security numbers.

Companies
Okta

Okta

Okta is an enterprise-focused identity provider: they take care of managing usernames, passwords, and permissions.

Snyk

Snyk

Snyk helps developers make sure that the code they're writing is secure.

All Security →

"Technically has allowed me better bridge the gap between user problems and how our system works under the hood."

— Adelaide Hallowell

Latest

The Vibe Coder's Guide to Deployment

The Vibe Coder's Guide to Deployment

How your app gets off your laptop and onto the real internet, and what to do when a deploy breaks.

David KrevittDavid Krevitt

Recent

What is Google doing with AI?

Inside Google's full-stack cloud bet, and how it differs from Microsoft and AWS.

Paolo PerronePaolo Perrone

Software Eng for Vibe Coders: Auth + SecurityFree

How to make sure anyone on the internet can't just delete your app's data, and other security considerations.

David KrevittDavid Krevitt

How to use open-weight AI models

Picking a model, a harness, and where to run the thing.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

Software Eng for Vibe Coders: Databases + StorageFree

Where your vibe coded app actually keeps its data, and how it might break when real users show up.

David KrevittDavid Krevitt
AI ReferenceSee all →

The guide to AI that you've been looking for. Click on any term for an in depth explanation.

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)GPUs are specialized chips that do thousands of simple calculations simultaneously, making them perfect for AI training HallucinationAI hallucination is when AI models confidently generate information that's completely made up or wrong.Post-TrainingPost-training turns a model from a knowledgeable blob that produces rambling answers, into a helpful assistant.RAGRetrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a way to make LLMs like GPT-4 more accurate and personalized to your specific data
What's going on with open-weight models?

What's going on with open-weight models?

How open-weight models went from a curiosity to great in 2 short years.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson
Software Eng for Vibe Coders: On Frontends + Backends

Software Eng for Vibe Coders: On Frontends + BackendsFree

A new series to help non-engineers build products that can handle going viral.

Justin GageJustin Gage
How do "computer use" agents work?

How do "computer use" agents work?Free

Why it's surprisingly challenging to let an LLM use a computer for you.

Tereza TizkovaTereza Tizkova
What is Rust?

What is Rust?Free

The fast, safe, super difficult to write programming language that’s finally getting its flowers.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson
CompaniesSee all →

What their products actually do and why they're so valuable.

CloudflareCloudflare
Cloudflare provides networking tools that help companies distribute their apps globally and securely.
DigitalOceanDigitalOcean
DigitalOcean is an independent infrastructure as a service provider; you can think of them as AWS or GCP, but for the people.
SegmentSegment
Segment helps teams track their product and marketing data and send it to whichever tools it needs to go to.
ZapierZapier
Zapier helps business people make custom integrations between their favorite tools, without needing to write any code.
GlossarySee all →

Quick explanations of the concepts you see every day.

ChatGPTChatGPT is a Machine Learning model, created and maintained by OpenAI, that generates paragraphs of text in response to prompts.ProductionProduction is the live, ready, tested, public facing version of your app.ScalingScaling means making something bigger: more users of your app, more API requests, more data in your database, a bigger server, more servers, etc.TerminalThe Terminal is the native way to talk to computers.

Video

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Kalshi just raised a new round at an $11B valuation. How much revenue does their prediction market really make?

Sam SchneiderSam Schneider
Relationships are the moat

Relationships are the moat

What's the forward deployed engineer role, and why is every startup hiring them?

Sung Won ChungSung Won Chung
Technically on YouTube →

Contributors

Afzal JasaniAfzal JasaniChristy BieberChristy BieberDavid KrevittDavid KrevittGarrett O'BrienGarrett O'BrienJustin GageJustin GageKenny NingKenny NingMatt HendersonMatt HendersonPaolo PerronePaolo PerronePaul IusztinPaul IusztinSachin BennySachin BennySam SchneiderSam SchneiderSarah Krasnik BedellSarah Krasnik BedellSung Won ChungSung Won ChungTereza TizkovaTereza TizkovaWill RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

Learning Tracks

Curated collections of foundational articles to guide you through the basics of getting more technical at work.

AI, it's not that complicated ↗

How to understand and work effectively with AI and ML models and products.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • What's RLHF?

    How AI models learned to stop being weird and start being helpful.

  • What's GPT-3?

    GPT-3 is a Machine Learning model that generates text.

  • What’s a data science notebook?

    Data Science Notebooks help data teams explore data with code.

Analyzing Software Companies ↗

The products and business models of leading software companies.

  • Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

    What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

  • What does Snowflake do?

    Snowflake sells a powerful cloud data warehouse for analytics and data science teams.

  • What does OpenAI do?

    OpenAI is the most popular provider of generative AI models like GPT-4.

  • What does dbt do?

    dbt (no capitals) is a tool for transforming and organizing data in your warehouse.

Building Software Products ↗

How to make positive contributions to your product roadmap.

  • The top 5 things PMs should know about engineering

    Engineering and code basics that can make you a better PM to work with.

  • What's code?

    Code is step by step directions, but for computers.

  • What's the internet?

    A network of computers all connected to each other and sharing information.

  • What's cloud?

    Cloud is how companies rent infrastructure over the internet.

From Spreadsheets to Databases ↗

You've outgrown Excel, but you've got to put that data somewhere besides your parents basement.

  • The Beginner's Guide to Databases

    There are 300+ databases; what do they all do?

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Schemas

    Why that schema change is going to take your engineers two weeks.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Migrations

    Why your feature is held up by a migration and why this is actually good.

How AI Models Actually Work ↗

Under the hood of today's powerful AI models: how they're trained, implemented, and otherwise used.

  • What is Machine Learning?

    How computers learn patterns from data — and why it’s the foundation for everything from stock prediction to ChatGPT.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • How do you train an AI model?

    A deep dive into how models like ChatGPT get built.

  • The beginner’s guide to AI model architectures

    Unlike an onion, hopefully these neural network layers won't make you cry.

Software Engineering for Vibe Coders ↗

Your AI wrote the app. This is everything that happens after — where it runs, how it stays up, and what breaks first when real users show up. A six-part series, made with our friends at Railway.

  • Software Eng for Vibe Coders: On Frontends + Backends

    A new series to help non-engineers build products that can handle going viral.

  • Software Eng for Vibe Coders: Databases + Storage

    Where your vibe coded app actually keeps its data, and how it might break when real users show up.

  • Software Eng for Vibe Coders: Auth + Security

    How to make sure anyone on the internet can't just delete your app's data, and other security considerations.

  • The Vibe Coder's Guide to Deployment

    How your app gets off your laptop and onto the real internet, and what to do when a deploy breaks.

Working With Data Teams ↗

How to make positive contributions when working with analytics and data science teams.

  • How do product analytics work?

    Product analytics is how teams instrument and analyze data about their product usage.

  • What your data team is using: the analytics stack

    A deep dive into all of the tools that data teams use to do their work.

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • What's the Modern Data Stack?

    The new set of tools data teams use to get their jobs done.

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