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Your dictionary for AI terms like LLM and RLHF
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What technical products actually do and why the companies that make them are valuable
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In-depth, networked guides to learning specific concepts
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The dictionary of software terms you've always wanted

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Technically

Making practical sense of software and AI.

AI
Recent Articles

AI, tractors and the productivity paradox

Where are AI's productivity gains hiding? What kitted out Model Ts can teach us.

What’s an inference provider?

How the rise of open source AI models is fueling the growth of a new infrastructure category.

I Let Claude Code Autonomously Run Ads for a Month

Applying the Ralph Wiggum loop to things other than writing code.

AI Reference

Post-Training

Post-training turns a model from a knowledgeable blob that produces rambling answers, into a helpful assistant.

Prompt Engineering

Prompt engineering is the art of talking to AI models in a way that gets you the results you actually want.

Terms

Machine Learning

Machine Learning uses math to predict an output given an input

LLM

Large Language Models take in a prompt and generate text.

All AI →
Analytics
Recent Articles

Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

What does Alteryx do?

Alteryx is a group of tools that helps business teams get insights out of their data, without needing to write any code.

Terms

Product analytics

Product analytics is the process of companies figuring out what users are actually doing in their product, with the goal of improving it.

The Modern Data Stack

The Modern Data Stack™ (MDS) is a new-ish set of tools that data teams are using to collect, transform, explore, and make use of their company’s data.

Companies
OpenAI

OpenAI

OpenAI is the most popular provider of generative AI models like GPT-4.

Databricks

Databricks

Databricks sells a data science and analytics platform built on top of an open source package called Apache Spark.

All Analytics →
Databases
Recent Articles

Why do developers choose different types of databases?

An intro to how companies like Elastic, MongoDB, Snowflake, Confluent and AWS compete.

Terms

Query

A query is how talk to your database.

SQL

SQL, or structured query language, is a type of programming language for working with databases.

Companies
Elastic

Elastic

Elasticsearch is a popular open source database for storing and searching unstructured data.

Confluent

Confluent

Apache Kafka is a framework for streaming real time data, and Confluent offers Kafka as a managed service.

All Databases →
DevOps
Recent Articles

What's a Package Manager?

And why are AI labs buying them up?

A Beginner’s Guide to Bring Your Own Cloud

The profitable but challenging deployment model sweeping the nation.

What's documentation?

How companies like Stripe win by writing better product docs, and where platforms like GitBook can help.

Terms

Infrastructure

Infrastructure is a loose term that developers use to refer to the lower level components that hold up an application.

Object Oriented

Some programming languages are object oriented, which means that they’re centered around the concept of an object.

Companies
AWS

AWS

AWS is the premier cloud provider - they sell the infrastructure building blocks to build modern apps.

New Relic

New Relic

New Relic is observability software: teams use it to monitor the performance of their apps and infrastructure.

All DevOps →
Security
Terms

VPN

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) lets you route your internet access through a specialized server that keeps your sensitive information private.

Tokenization

Tokenization is one of the ways that backends protect sensitive information, like credit cards or social security numbers.

Companies
Okta

Okta

Okta is an enterprise-focused identity provider: they take care of managing usernames, passwords, and permissions.

Snyk

Snyk

Snyk helps developers make sure that the code they're writing is secure.

All Security →

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— Adelaide Hallowell

Latest
All about Infrastructure as Code

All about Infrastructure as Code

The deceptively simple text files that help you avoid huge mistakes when shipping software.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

Recent

What is Next.js?Free

The web framework your next vibe-coded app will probably be built in.

Justin GageJustin Gage

What's a Package Manager?

And why are AI labs buying them up?

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

AI, tractors and the productivity paradoxFree

Where are AI's productivity gains hiding? What kitted out Model Ts can teach us.

Sachin BennySachin Benny

When not to vibe codeFree

Should I ship something myself, or call in engineering help?

Sarah Krasnik BedellSarah Krasnik Bedell
AI ReferenceSee all →

The guide to AI that you've been looking for. Click on any term for an in depth explanation.

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)GPUs are specialized chips that do thousands of simple calculations simultaneously, making them perfect for AI training Prompt EngineeringPrompt engineering is the art of talking to AI models in a way that gets you the results you actually want.RAGRetrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a way to make LLMs like GPT-4 more accurate and personalized to your specific dataTrainingTraining is the process of creating an AI model and teaching it how to actually do something useful.
What’s an inference provider?

What’s an inference provider?

How the rise of open source AI models is fueling the growth of a new infrastructure category.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson
I Let Claude Code Autonomously Run Ads for a Month

I Let Claude Code Autonomously Run Ads for a MonthFree

Applying the Ralph Wiggum loop to things other than writing code.

A Beginner’s Guide to Bring Your Own Cloud

A Beginner’s Guide to Bring Your Own Cloud

The profitable but challenging deployment model sweeping the nation.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson
How AI content detectors work

How AI content detectors workFree

Learn how AI detectors work

Christy BieberChristy Bieber
CompaniesSee all →

What their products actually do and why they're so valuable.

AlgoliaAlgolia
Algolia provides a set of tools that helps engineers build search functionality into their apps.
ConfluentConfluent
Apache Kafka is a framework for streaming real time data, and Confluent offers Kafka as a managed service.
OktaOkta
Okta is an enterprise-focused identity provider: they take care of managing usernames, passwords, and permissions.
SnykSnyk
Snyk helps developers make sure that the code they're writing is secure.
GlossarySee all →

Quick explanations of the concepts you see every day.

CSSCSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets, and it's the primary way developers style their applications.Data warehouseA data warehouse is a special type of database designed for analytics instead of transactions.JavaScriptJavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world.Version controlVersion control lets you track and manage changes to your code in a more sophisticated way than you’re used to.

Video

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Kalshi just raised a new round at an $11B valuation. How much revenue does their prediction market really make?

Sam SchneiderSam Schneider
Relationships are the moat

Relationships are the moat

What's the forward deployed engineer role, and why is every startup hiring them?

Sung Won ChungSung Won Chung
Technically on YouTube →

Contributors

Christy BieberChristy BieberJustin GageJustin GageKenny NingKenny NingSachin BennySachin BennySam SchneiderSam SchneiderSarah Krasnik BedellSarah Krasnik BedellSung Won ChungSung Won ChungWill RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

Learning Tracks

Curated collections of foundational articles to guide you through the basics of getting more technical at work.

AI, it's not that complicated ↗

How to understand and work effectively with AI and ML models and products.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • What's RLHF?

    How AI models learned to stop being weird and start being helpful.

  • What's GPT-3?

    GPT-3 is a Machine Learning model that generates text.

  • What’s a data science notebook?

    Data Science Notebooks help data teams explore data with code.

Analyzing Software Companies ↗

The products and business models of leading software companies.

  • Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

    What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

  • What does Snowflake do?

    Snowflake sells a powerful cloud data warehouse for analytics and data science teams.

  • What does OpenAI do?

    OpenAI is the most popular provider of generative AI models like GPT-4.

  • What does dbt do?

    dbt (no capitals) is a tool for transforming and organizing data in your warehouse.

Building Software Products ↗

How to make positive contributions to your product roadmap.

  • The top 5 things PMs should know about engineering

    Engineering and code basics that can make you a better PM to work with.

  • What's code?

    Code is step by step directions, but for computers.

  • What's the internet?

    A network of computers all connected to each other and sharing information.

  • What's cloud?

    Cloud is how companies rent infrastructure over the internet.

From Spreadsheets to Databases ↗

You've outgrown Excel, but you've got to put that data somewhere besides your parents basement.

  • The Beginner's Guide to Databases

    There are 300+ databases; what do they all do?

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Schemas

    Why that schema change is going to take your engineers two weeks.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Migrations

    Why your feature is held up by a migration and why this is actually good.

How AI Models Actually Work ↗

How do these things actual work under the hood? What does it mean to train one? Is it more like going to the gym, studying for a test, or sleeping?

  • What is Machine Learning?

    How computers learn patterns from data — and why it’s the foundation for everything from stock prediction to ChatGPT.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • How do you train an AI model?

    A deep dive into how models like ChatGPT get built.

  • The beginner’s guide to AI model architectures

    Unlike an onion, hopefully these neural network layers won't make you cry.

Working With Data Teams ↗

How to make positive contributions when working with analytics and data science teams.

  • How do product analytics work?

    Product analytics is how teams instrument and analyze data about their product usage.

  • What your data team is using: the analytics stack

    A deep dive into all of the tools that data teams use to do their work.

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • What's the Modern Data Stack?

    The new set of tools data teams use to get their jobs done.

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