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Your dictionary for AI terms like LLM and RLHF
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The dictionary of software terms you've always wanted

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— RB

Technically

Making practical sense of software and AI.

AI
Recent Articles

What’s an inference provider?

How the rise of open source AI models is fueling the growth of a new infrastructure category.

I Let Claude Code Autonomously Run Ads for a Month

Applying the Ralph Wiggum loop to things other than writing code.

How AI content detectors work

Learn how AI detectors work

AI Reference

Inference

Inference is a fancy term that just means using an ML model that has already been trained.

Transformers

Transformers are the neural network architecture that powers modern AI like ChatGPT, revolutionizing how models process language and other sequential data.

Terms

LLM

Large Language Models take in a prompt and generate text.

Loss Function

When training a machine learning model, a loss function is something you design that tells the model when its answers are right and when they're wrong.

All AI →
Analytics
Recent Articles

Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

What does Alteryx do?

Alteryx is a group of tools that helps business teams get insights out of their data, without needing to write any code.

What's a Data Migration?

Data migration is about transferring information (data) from one place to another.

Terms

Data warehouse

A data warehouse is a special type of database designed for analytics instead of transactions.

Product analytics

Product analytics is the process of companies figuring out what users are actually doing in their product, with the goal of improving it.

Companies
Snowflake

Snowflake

Snowflake sells a powerful cloud data warehouse for analytics and data science teams.

dbt Labs

dbt Labs

dbt (no capitals) is a tool for transforming and organizing data in your warehouse.

All Analytics →
Databases
Recent Articles

Why do developers choose different types of databases?

An intro to how companies like Elastic, MongoDB, Snowflake, Confluent and AWS compete.

Terms

Migration

Migrations mean a lot of things in software, but they usually entail some sort of important change.

Query

A query is how talk to your database.

Companies
Algolia

Algolia

Algolia provides a set of tools that helps engineers build search functionality into their apps.

Confluent

Confluent

Apache Kafka is a framework for streaming real time data, and Confluent offers Kafka as a managed service.

All Databases →
DevOps
Recent Articles

A Beginner’s Guide to Bring Your Own Cloud

The profitable but challenging deployment model sweeping the nation.

What's documentation?

How companies like Stripe win by writing better product docs, and where platforms like GitBook can help.

Developers hate this one thing (all about code reviews)

A deep dive into why code reviews take so long, how AI tools like CodeRabbit are speeding them up, and what great teams do to ensure clean code.

Terms

Docker

Docker is an engine for running your code in containers, which are isolated little boxes.

Script

A script is a term developers use to refer to a file of code that does something scoped and specific: to be distinguished from an app or a system, which is probably many files and does a lot more.

Companies
Twilio

Twilio

Twilio makes a suite of products that helps you communicate with your customers via SMS, video, calls, and more.

JFrog

JFrog

JFrog provides a bunch of products and services around DevOps, i.e. taking your software and deploying it to the world.

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Security
Terms

Tokenization

Tokenization is one of the ways that backends protect sensitive information, like credit cards or social security numbers.

VPN

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) lets you route your internet access through a specialized server that keeps your sensitive information private.

Companies
Snyk

Snyk

Snyk helps developers make sure that the code they're writing is secure.

Okta

Okta

Okta is an enterprise-focused identity provider: they take care of managing usernames, passwords, and permissions.

All Security →

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— Adelaide Hallowell

Latest
When not to vibe code

When not to vibe code

Should I ship something myself, or call in engineering help?

Sarah Krasnik BedellSarah Krasnik Bedell

Recent

What’s an inference provider?

How the rise of open source AI models is fueling the growth of a new infrastructure category.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

I Let Claude Code Autonomously Run Ads for a MonthFree

Applying the Ralph Wiggum loop to things other than writing code.

A Beginner’s Guide to Bring Your Own Cloud

The profitable but challenging deployment model sweeping the nation.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

How AI content detectors workFree

Learn how AI detectors work

Christy BieberChristy Bieber
AI ReferenceSee all →

The guide to AI that you've been looking for. Click on any term for an in depth explanation.

Neural NetworkNeural networks are the mathematical brains behind modern AI—think of them as simplified versions of how your actual brain processes information.Pre-TrainingPre-training is the "undergrad degree" phase where the model builds its foundational knowledge and world model.RAGRetrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a way to make LLMs like GPT-4 more accurate and personalized to your specific dataReinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF)RLHF is the final training step that turns a knowledgeable but rambling AI into the helpful assistant you know and love.
What are prediction markets?

What are prediction markets?Free

What are prediction markets and how much revenue is Kalshi really making?

Sam SchneiderSam Schneider
What's a Forward Deployed Engineer?

What's a Forward Deployed Engineer?Free

And why is every startup around following the Palantir model?

Sung Won ChungSung Won Chung
What's a datacenter?

What's a datacenter?

What actually goes on inside the buildings propping up the US economy.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson
AI and the — em dash

AI and the — em dash

Finally, an explanation for why AI models can't seem to quit them.

Christy BieberChristy Bieber
CompaniesSee all →

What their products actually do and why they're so valuable.

dbt Labsdbt Labs
dbt (no capitals) is a tool for transforming and organizing data in your warehouse.
OktaOkta
Okta is an enterprise-focused identity provider: they take care of managing usernames, passwords, and permissions.
SnykSnyk
Snyk helps developers make sure that the code they're writing is secure.
StripeStripe
Stripe sells payments infrastructure for internet businesses: primarily, they help you bill your customers, process payments, and work with your payment data.
GlossarySee all →

Quick explanations of the concepts you see every day.

BinaryComputers break down all software instructions into a simple yes or no and use microscopic electrical signals and gates to process and store those instructions.QueryA query is how talk to your database.Relational databaseA relational database is sort of like Excel, but for developers: it’s how applications store and analyze data.TerminalThe Terminal is the native way to talk to computers.

Video

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Kalshi just raised a new round at an $11B valuation. How much revenue does their prediction market really make?

Sam SchneiderSam Schneider
Relationships are the moat

Relationships are the moat

What's the forward deployed engineer role, and why is every startup hiring them?

Sung Won ChungSung Won Chung
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Contributors

Christy BieberChristy BieberJustin GageJustin GageKenny NingKenny NingSachin BennySachin BennySam SchneiderSam SchneiderSarah Krasnik BedellSarah Krasnik BedellSung Won ChungSung Won ChungWill RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

Learning Tracks

Curated collections of foundational articles to guide you through the basics of getting more technical at work.

AI, it's not that complicated ↗

How to understand and work effectively with AI and ML models and products.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • What's RLHF?

    How AI models learned to stop being weird and start being helpful.

  • What's GPT-3?

    GPT-3 is a Machine Learning model that generates text.

  • What’s a data science notebook?

    Data Science Notebooks help data teams explore data with code.

Analyzing Software Companies ↗

The products and business models of leading software companies.

  • Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

    What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

  • What does Snowflake do?

    Snowflake sells a powerful cloud data warehouse for analytics and data science teams.

  • What does OpenAI do?

    OpenAI is the most popular provider of generative AI models like GPT-4.

  • What does dbt do?

    dbt (no capitals) is a tool for transforming and organizing data in your warehouse.

Building Software Products ↗

How to make positive contributions to your product roadmap.

  • The top 5 things PMs should know about engineering

    Engineering and code basics that can make you a better PM to work with.

  • What's code?

    Code is step by step directions, but for computers.

  • What's the internet?

    A network of computers all connected to each other and sharing information.

  • What's cloud?

    Cloud is how companies rent infrastructure over the internet.

From Spreadsheets to Databases ↗

You've outgrown Excel, but you've got to put that data somewhere besides your parents basement.

  • The Beginner's Guide to Databases

    There are 300+ databases; what do they all do?

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Schemas

    Why that schema change is going to take your engineers two weeks.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Migrations

    Why your feature is held up by a migration and why this is actually good.

How AI Models Actually Work ↗

How do these things actual work under the hood? What does it mean to train one? Is it more like going to the gym, studying for a test, or sleeping?

  • What is Machine Learning?

    How computers learn patterns from data: the foundation for everything from stock price prediction to ChatGPT.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • How do you train an AI model?

    A deep dive into how models like ChatGPT get built.

  • The beginner’s guide to AI model architectures

    Unlike an onion, hopefully these neural network layers won't make you cry.

Working With Data Teams ↗

How to make positive contributions when working with analytics and data science teams.

  • How do product analytics work?

    Product analytics is how teams instrument and analyze data about their product usage.

  • What your data team is using: the analytics stack

    A deep dive into all of the tools that data teams use to do their work.

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • What's the Modern Data Stack?

    The new set of tools data teams use to get their jobs done.

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"Subscribed for quick summaries of topics. Saves time. Googling and Youtube and collating info isn't convenient."

— RB

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