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Your dictionary for AI terms like LLM and RLHF
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The dictionary of software terms you've always wanted

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"Subscribed for quick summaries of topics. Saves time. Googling and Youtube and collating info isn't convenient."

— RB

Technically

Making practical sense of software and AI.

AI
Recent Articles

What’s an inference provider?

How the rise of open source AI models is fueling the growth of a new infrastructure category.

I Let Claude Code Autonomously Run Ads for a Month

Applying the Ralph Wiggum loop to things other than writing code.

How AI content detectors work

Learn how AI detectors work

AI Reference

Loss Function

A loss function is something you design that tells the model when its answers are right and when they're wrong.

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF)

RLHF is the final training step that turns a knowledgeable but rambling AI into the helpful assistant you know and love.

Terms

Post-training

LLM post-training turns a model from a knowledgeable blob that produces rambling answers, into a helpful assistant.

Training

Training is the process of creating and teaching an ML model how to do something.

All AI →
Analytics
Recent Articles

Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

What does Alteryx do?

Alteryx is a group of tools that helps business teams get insights out of their data, without needing to write any code.

What's a Data Migration?

Data migration is about transferring information (data) from one place to another.

Terms

Reverse ETL

Reverse ETL is the process of syncing data from your data warehouse to your business tools like Salesforce and Hubspot.

ETL

ETL stands for Extract - Transform - Load, and it’s the process of moving data around your internal systems to get it ready for analysis.

Companies
OpenAI

OpenAI

OpenAI is the most popular provider of generative AI models like GPT-4.

Alteryx

Alteryx

Alteryx is a group of tools that helps business teams get insights out of their data, without needing to write any code.

All Analytics →
Databases
Recent Articles

Why do developers choose different types of databases?

An intro to how companies like Elastic, MongoDB, Snowflake, Confluent and AWS compete.

Terms

Relational database

A relational database is sort of like Excel, but for developers: it’s how applications store and analyze data.

Multi-tenant

Multi-tenant simply means shared with someone else, like having a roommate in an apartment.

Companies
Elastic

Elastic

Elasticsearch is a popular open source database for storing and searching unstructured data.

Algolia

Algolia

Algolia provides a set of tools that helps engineers build search functionality into their apps.

All Databases →
DevOps
Recent Articles

A Beginner’s Guide to Bring Your Own Cloud

The profitable but challenging deployment model sweeping the nation.

What's documentation?

How companies like Stripe win by writing better product docs, and where platforms like GitBook can help.

Developers hate this one thing (all about code reviews)

A deep dive into why code reviews take so long, how AI tools like CodeRabbit are speeding them up, and what great teams do to ensure clean code.

Terms

Technical Debt

Technical debt is a term developers use to refer to all of the annoying thorns they need to deal with because of past decisions someone made in their codebase and architecture.

Compile

Compiling just means translating one thing to another.

Companies
Splunk

Splunk

Splunk is a tool for storing and searching logs, specifically focused on security.

Cloudflare

Cloudflare

Cloudflare provides networking tools that help companies distribute their apps globally and securely.

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Security
Terms

VPN

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) lets you route your internet access through a specialized server that keeps your sensitive information private.

Tokenization

Tokenization is one of the ways that backends protect sensitive information, like credit cards or social security numbers.

Companies
Snyk

Snyk

Snyk helps developers make sure that the code they're writing is secure.

Okta

Okta

Okta is an enterprise-focused identity provider: they take care of managing usernames, passwords, and permissions.

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"Technically has allowed me better bridge the gap between user problems and how our system works under the hood."

— Adelaide Hallowell

Latest
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Recent

When not to vibe codeFree

Should I ship something myself, or call in engineering help?

Sarah Krasnik BedellSarah Krasnik Bedell

What’s an inference provider?

How the rise of open source AI models is fueling the growth of a new infrastructure category.

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I Let Claude Code Autonomously Run Ads for a MonthFree

Applying the Ralph Wiggum loop to things other than writing code.

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The profitable but challenging deployment model sweeping the nation.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson
AI ReferenceSee all →

The guide to AI that you've been looking for. Click on any term for an in depth explanation.

InferenceInference is a fancy term that just means using an ML model that has already been trained.Loss FunctionA loss function is something you design that tells the model when its answers are right and when they're wrong.ParametersParameters are the learned "knowledge" stored inside AI models—the numerical values that determine how the model responds to inputs. Post-TrainingPost-training turns a model from a knowledgeable blob that produces rambling answers, into a helpful assistant.
How AI content detectors work

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Learn how AI detectors work

Christy BieberChristy Bieber
What are prediction markets?

What are prediction markets?Free

What are prediction markets and how much revenue is Kalshi really making?

Sam SchneiderSam Schneider
What's a Forward Deployed Engineer?

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And why is every startup around following the Palantir model?

Sung Won ChungSung Won Chung
How I use AI for writing (part 1)

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On ethics, vibes and knowing what you're good at.

Justin GageJustin Gage
CompaniesSee all →

What their products actually do and why they're so valuable.

CloudflareCloudflare
Cloudflare provides networking tools that help companies distribute their apps globally and securely.
DatabricksDatabricks
Databricks sells a data science and analytics platform built on top of an open source package called Apache Spark.
DockerDocker
Docker helps developers isolate their code and infrastructure in containers so things always run smoothly.
ElasticElastic
Elasticsearch is a popular open source database for storing and searching unstructured data.
GlossarySee all →

Quick explanations of the concepts you see every day.

CloudCloud lets companies rent the servers (giant computers) they run their software on instead of buying them.FrameworkIn software engineering, a framework usually means a foundation for building something in particular.MacOS/Windows/LinuxThere are three dominant operating systems for non-mobile computers: Windows, MacOS, and Linux.NetworkingNetworking in software engineering refers to connecting two or more different things.

Video

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Kalshi just raised a new round at an $11B valuation. How much revenue does their prediction market really make?

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Relationships are the moat

Relationships are the moat

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Contributors

Christy BieberChristy BieberJustin GageJustin GageKenny NingKenny NingSachin BennySachin BennySam SchneiderSam SchneiderSarah Krasnik BedellSarah Krasnik BedellSung Won ChungSung Won ChungWill RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

Learning Tracks

Curated collections of foundational articles to guide you through the basics of getting more technical at work.

AI, it's not that complicated ↗

How to understand and work effectively with AI and ML models and products.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • What's RLHF?

    How AI models learned to stop being weird and start being helpful.

  • What's GPT-3?

    GPT-3 is a Machine Learning model that generates text.

  • What’s a data science notebook?

    Data Science Notebooks help data teams explore data with code.

Analyzing Software Companies ↗

The products and business models of leading software companies.

  • Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

    What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

  • What does Snowflake do?

    Snowflake sells a powerful cloud data warehouse for analytics and data science teams.

  • What does OpenAI do?

    OpenAI is the most popular provider of generative AI models like GPT-4.

  • What does dbt do?

    dbt (no capitals) is a tool for transforming and organizing data in your warehouse.

Building Software Products ↗

How to make positive contributions to your product roadmap.

  • The top 5 things PMs should know about engineering

    Engineering and code basics that can make you a better PM to work with.

  • What's code?

    Code is step by step directions, but for computers.

  • What's the internet?

    A network of computers all connected to each other and sharing information.

  • What's cloud?

    Cloud is how companies rent infrastructure over the internet.

From Spreadsheets to Databases ↗

You've outgrown Excel, but you've got to put that data somewhere besides your parents basement.

  • The Beginner's Guide to Databases

    There are 300+ databases; what do they all do?

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Schemas

    Why that schema change is going to take your engineers two weeks.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Migrations

    Why your feature is held up by a migration and why this is actually good.

How AI Models Actually Work ↗

How do these things actual work under the hood? What does it mean to train one? Is it more like going to the gym, studying for a test, or sleeping?

  • What is Machine Learning?

    How computers learn patterns from data: the foundation for everything from stock price prediction to ChatGPT.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • How do you train an AI model?

    A deep dive into how models like ChatGPT get built.

  • The beginner’s guide to AI model architectures

    Unlike an onion, hopefully these neural network layers won't make you cry.

Working With Data Teams ↗

How to make positive contributions when working with analytics and data science teams.

  • How do product analytics work?

    Product analytics is how teams instrument and analyze data about their product usage.

  • What your data team is using: the analytics stack

    A deep dive into all of the tools that data teams use to do their work.

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • What's the Modern Data Stack?

    The new set of tools data teams use to get their jobs done.

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"Subscribed for quick summaries of topics. Saves time. Googling and Youtube and collating info isn't convenient."

— RB

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