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Your dictionary for AI terms like LLM and RLHF
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What technical products actually do and why the companies that make them are valuable
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In-depth, networked guides to learning specific concepts
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All Technically posts on software concepts since the dawn of time
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The dictionary of software terms you've always wanted

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Technically

Making practical sense of software and AI.

AI
Recent Articles

What are code sandboxes?

Why coding agents need a safe place to play, just like we all do.

AI, tractors and the productivity paradox

Where are AI's productivity gains hiding? What kitted out Model Ts can teach us.

What’s an inference provider?

How the rise of open source AI models is fueling the growth of a new infrastructure category.

AI Reference

Hallucination

AI hallucination is when AI models confidently generate information that's completely made up or wrong.

Fine Tuning

Fine tuning is the process of taking a pre-trained AI model and specializing it for your specific use case.

Terms

Loss Function

When training a machine learning model, a loss function is something you design that tells the model when its answers are right and when they're wrong.

Pre-training

When training an LLM, pre-training gives the model all the basic, foundational knowledge it needs to answer your prompts, by showing it lots and lots of examples of existing text from the internet.

All AI →
Analytics
Recent Articles

Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

Terms

A/B Testing and Experimentation

Experimentation is one of the ways that companies understand if their product efforts are working, and ipso facto, what they should be spending time on.

Product analytics

Product analytics is the process of companies figuring out what users are actually doing in their product, with the goal of improving it.

Companies
Databricks

Databricks

Databricks sells a data science and analytics platform built on top of an open source package called Apache Spark.

Segment

Segment

Segment helps teams track their product and marketing data and send it to whichever tools it needs to go to.

All Analytics →
Databases
Recent Articles

Why do developers choose different types of databases?

An intro to how companies like Elastic, MongoDB, Snowflake, Confluent and AWS compete.

Terms

Blockchain

A blockchain is just another way to store data, exactly like a database.

Query

A query is how talk to your database.

Companies
Confluent

Confluent

Apache Kafka is a framework for streaming real time data, and Confluent offers Kafka as a managed service.

MongoDB

MongoDB

MongoDB is a highly popular unstructured, NoSQL document database for powering your applications.

All Databases →
DevOps
Recent Articles

All about Infrastructure as Code

The deceptively simple text files that help you avoid huge mistakes when shipping software.

What's a Package Manager?

And why are AI labs buying them up?

A Beginner’s Guide to Bring Your Own Cloud

The profitable but challenging deployment model sweeping the nation.

Terms

Port

Computers have digital ports – literally, like for a boat – for other computers to connect to over a network.

Branch

A branch is a specific version of your code repository.

Companies
Heroku

Heroku

Heroku was and is one of the first cloud platforms as a service (PaaS).

Datadog

Datadog

Datadog is monitoring software - developers use it to get operational visibility into their servers and applications.

All DevOps →
Security
Terms

VPN

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) lets you route your internet access through a specialized server that keeps your sensitive information private.

Tokenization

Tokenization is one of the ways that backends protect sensitive information, like credit cards or social security numbers.

Companies
Snyk

Snyk

Snyk helps developers make sure that the code they're writing is secure.

Okta

Okta

Okta is an enterprise-focused identity provider: they take care of managing usernames, passwords, and permissions.

All Security →

"Technically has allowed me better bridge the gap between user problems and how our system works under the hood."

— Adelaide Hallowell

Latest
Everything is a pipeline.

Everything is a pipeline.

Technical concepts are often more alike then you might think.

Afzal JasaniAfzal Jasani

Recent

What are code sandboxes?

Why coding agents need a safe place to play, just like we all do.

Justin GageJustin Gage

How my non-engineering team at Sentry learned to shipFree

We moved 2,500 pages out of our CMS with Claude Code and Git. 4 months ago, most of us hadn't written code.

Matt HendersonMatt Henderson

All about Infrastructure as CodeFree

The deceptively simple text files that help you avoid huge mistakes when shipping software.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

What is Next.js?Free

The web framework your next vibe-coded app will probably be built in.

Justin GageJustin Gage
AI ReferenceSee all →

The guide to AI that you've been looking for. Click on any term for an in depth explanation.

EmbeddingsEmbeddings are how AI models turn words, images, or other data into mathematical coordinates that computers can actually work with.Loss FunctionA loss function is something you design that tells the model when its answers are right and when they're wrong.TokenA token is the basic unit of a Large Language Model's vocabulary.TransformersTransformers are the neural network architecture that powers modern AI like ChatGPT, revolutionizing how models process language and other sequential data.
What's a Package Manager?

What's a Package Manager?

And why are AI labs buying them up?

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson
AI, tractors and the productivity paradox

AI, tractors and the productivity paradoxFree

Where are AI's productivity gains hiding? What kitted out Model Ts can teach us.

Sachin BennySachin Benny
When not to vibe code

When not to vibe codeFree

Should I ship something myself, or call in engineering help?

Sarah Krasnik BedellSarah Krasnik Bedell
What’s an inference provider?

What’s an inference provider?

How the rise of open source AI models is fueling the growth of a new infrastructure category.

Will RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson
CompaniesSee all →

What their products actually do and why they're so valuable.

ConfluentConfluent
Apache Kafka is a framework for streaming real time data, and Confluent offers Kafka as a managed service.
HashicorpHashicorp
Hashicorp sells software that helps developers manage their cloud infrastructure via code-based configuration.
OktaOkta
Okta is an enterprise-focused identity provider: they take care of managing usernames, passwords, and permissions.
UIPathUIPath
UIPath helps people automate rote manual tasks like updating spreadsheets and creating documents.
GlossarySee all →

Quick explanations of the concepts you see every day.

BinaryComputers break down all software instructions into a simple yes or no and use microscopic electrical signals and gates to process and store those instructions.Data lakeA Data Lake is an unstructured place to put data. It’s usually meant for long term storage and infrequent querying.FrameworkIn software engineering, a framework usually means a foundation for building something in particular.Open SourceOpen source technically means that an app’s code is publicly available, but more generally refers to the movement of communities of developers building transparent, open codebases free for everyone to use.

Video

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Analyzing all 203 million trades on Kalshi

Kalshi just raised a new round at an $11B valuation. How much revenue does their prediction market really make?

Sam SchneiderSam Schneider
Relationships are the moat

Relationships are the moat

What's the forward deployed engineer role, and why is every startup hiring them?

Sung Won ChungSung Won Chung
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Contributors

Afzal JasaniAfzal JasaniChristy BieberChristy BieberJustin GageJustin GageKenny NingKenny NingMatt HendersonMatt HendersonSachin BennySachin BennySam SchneiderSam SchneiderSarah Krasnik BedellSarah Krasnik BedellSung Won ChungSung Won ChungWill RaphaelsonWill Raphaelson

Learning Tracks

Curated collections of foundational articles to guide you through the basics of getting more technical at work.

AI, it's not that complicated ↗

How to understand and work effectively with AI and ML models and products.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • What's RLHF?

    How AI models learned to stop being weird and start being helpful.

  • What's GPT-3?

    GPT-3 is a Machine Learning model that generates text.

  • What’s a data science notebook?

    Data Science Notebooks help data teams explore data with code.

Analyzing Software Companies ↗

The products and business models of leading software companies.

  • Databricks is apparently worth $100B. What do they even do?

    What we should really be asking is “What does Databricks not do?”

  • What does Snowflake do?

    Snowflake sells a powerful cloud data warehouse for analytics and data science teams.

  • What does OpenAI do?

    OpenAI is the most popular provider of generative AI models like GPT-4.

  • What does dbt do?

    dbt (no capitals) is a tool for transforming and organizing data in your warehouse.

Building Software Products ↗

How to make positive contributions to your product roadmap.

  • The top 5 things PMs should know about engineering

    Engineering and code basics that can make you a better PM to work with.

  • What's code?

    Code is step by step directions, but for computers.

  • What's the internet?

    A network of computers all connected to each other and sharing information.

  • What's cloud?

    Cloud is how companies rent infrastructure over the internet.

From Spreadsheets to Databases ↗

You've outgrown Excel, but you've got to put that data somewhere besides your parents basement.

  • The Beginner's Guide to Databases

    There are 300+ databases; what do they all do?

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Schemas

    Why that schema change is going to take your engineers two weeks.

  • The Excel User's Guide to Databases: Migrations

    Why your feature is held up by a migration and why this is actually good.

How AI Models Actually Work ↗

How do these things actual work under the hood? What does it mean to train one? Is it more like going to the gym, studying for a test, or sleeping?

  • What is Machine Learning?

    How computers learn patterns from data — and why it’s the foundation for everything from stock prediction to ChatGPT.

  • How do Large Language Models work?

    Breaking down what ChatGPT and others are doing under the hood

  • How do you train an AI model?

    A deep dive into how models like ChatGPT get built.

  • The beginner’s guide to AI model architectures

    Unlike an onion, hopefully these neural network layers won't make you cry.

Working With Data Teams ↗

How to make positive contributions when working with analytics and data science teams.

  • How do product analytics work?

    Product analytics is how teams instrument and analyze data about their product usage.

  • What your data team is using: the analytics stack

    A deep dive into all of the tools that data teams use to do their work.

  • SQL for the rest of us

    If you’re not a data scientist but you have questions, you want to know SQL.

  • What's the Modern Data Stack?

    The new set of tools data teams use to get their jobs done.

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